Dogs are Omnivores

Dogs are often referred to as carnivores, but they are actually omnivores and require both animal-based and plant-based nutrients for optimal health. Although dogs evolved from carnivorous ancestors, they have adapted to eating a more varied diet that includes both animal-based and plant-based nutrients. This is why they are now classified as omnivores rather than strict carnivores.

While meat is an important source of protein, vitamins, and minerals for dogs, they also require carbohydrates and fiber for energy and digestive health. Plant-based ingredients such as grains, vegetables, and fruits can provide these essential nutrients. In fact, many commercial dog foods include a balance of animal-based and plant-based ingredients to ensure that dogs receive all the nutrients they need.

It’s important to note that the exact balance of animal-based and plant-based nutrients required by each individual dog can vary depending on factors such as age, activity level, and overall health. Working with a veterinarian or veterinary nutritionist can help ensure that your dog receives a balanced and nutritious diet tailored to their specific needs.

Protein is important

Protein is essential for dogs and should make up a significant portion of their diet. High-quality protein sources include meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products. Protein is a essential nutrient for dogs as it plays a critical role in building and maintaining various tissues in the body such as muscles, bones, skin, and fur. Protein is also required for the proper functioning of enzymes, hormones, and other biological molecules in the body.

To maintain the health of dogs, it is crucial to provide them with enough high-quality protein in their diet. High-quality protein sources contain all the essential amino acids that dogs require to build and maintain their tissues and bodily functions in a healthy way. Animal-based protein sources such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy products are considered high-quality sources of protein for dogs, as they contain all the essential amino acids in the right proportions.

Protein requirements for dogs can vary depending on their age, activity level, and overall health. Growing puppies, pregnant and nursing dogs, and highly active dogs require more protein than adult dogs that are less active. It’s important to work with a veterinarian or dog nutritionist to determine the appropriate amount and sources of protein for your dog’s specific nutritional needs. Overfeeding protein can lead to health problems such as obesity and kidney damage, so it’s essential to provide a balanced and appropriate amount of protein for your dog’s individual needs.

Carbohydrates can provide energy

Carbohydrates can provide dogs with a source of energy, but they should come from high-quality sources such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. Carbohydrates are an important source of energy for dogs as they provide glucose, which is a vital fuel for the body’s cells. While dogs can survive on a low-carbohydrate diet, carbohydrates and fibre can provide valuable benefits such as increasing energy levels, promoting healthy digestion, and improving overall health.

Feeding dogs nutritionally good carbohydrates, it’s really important to choose high-quality sources such as whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. Whole grains such as brown rice, quinoa, and oats contain complex carbohydrates that are slowly digested, and therefore provide a more steady release of energy to dogs. Vegetables and fruits contain simple carbohydrates that are easily digested and provide a quick source of energy, but packed in fiber, which on the other hand helps to maintain a healthy microbiome.

Not all carbohydrates are metabolized equally, and some sources of carbohydrates can be even harmful to dogs in the long run. For example, refined grains such as white rice and bread can cause spikes in blood sugar levels and contribute to weight gain and tooth decay. Additionally, some dogs may have difficulty digesting certain types of carbohydrates, such as those found in legumes or certain grains.

Fat is important

Fats are a very important source of energy and provide essential fatty acids that help keep your dog healthy. Good sources of fat for a proper dog nutrition include fish, poultry, and plant-based oils. Fats are an essential macronutrient for dogs and play several important roles in their diet.

Fats are a concentrated source of calories, providing twice as much energy as protein or carbohydrates. This makes fats an important source of sustained energy for dogs, especially those with high energy needs such as working or sporting dogs.

Fats are a source of essential fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. These essential fatty acids play a crucial role in dog nutrition, as they help maintain healthy skin and coat, support cognitive function, and regulate inflammation.

Dogs require a balanced diet that includes both saturated and unsaturated fats. Saturated fats are typically found in animal-based foods such as beef, lamb, and pork. While they have been associated with an increased risk of heart disease in humans, dogs are less susceptible to these health concerns.

Unsaturated fats, on the other hand, are typically found in plant-based sources such as fish, poultry, olive oil, or cold-pressed rape seed oil. These fats are beneficial for dogs, as they contain essential fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6 that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained through good dog nutrition and diet.

Oily fish is an excellent source of healthy fats for dogs, as it is rich in omega-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids are particularly important for dogs with skin allergies or other skin conditions, as they can help reduce inflammation and improve skin health. Poultry, such as chicken and turkey, are also good sources of healthy fats. In addition, plant-based oils such as olive oil and coconut oil can be added to a dog’s nutritional diet in small amounts to provide additional healthy fats.

Please note that while fats are an important component of a dog’s diet, excessive intake can lead to weight gain and other health issues. Therefore, aim to feed your dog a balanced diet that includes the appropriate amount of fat for their age, weight, and activity level.

Vitamins and Minerals are essential

Dogs require vitamins and minerals for various physiological functions, including bone health, immune function, and energy metabolism. A balanced diet that includes a good variety of nutrients rich food can help ensure that your dog gets all the vitamins and minerals they need.
Dog nutrition should include vitamins and minerals to support a dog’s overall health and well-being. These essential nutrients are necessary for all physiological functions, including cognition, bone health, immune function, and energy metabolism.

Vitamins are biochemically organic compounds that are needed for maintaining normal physiological function. Dogs require both, fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, and water-soluble vitamins, such as the B vitamins. Each vitamin plays a unique role in the body, and a deficiency of any one of these vitamins can lead to chronic health problems.

Minerals, on the other hand, are inorganic compounds that are essential for maintaining healthy bones, teeth, and other bodily functions. Dogs require a whole range of minerals, including calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc and more. These minerals are important for all physiological functions, including muscle and nerve function, fluid balance, and the production of red blood cells.

A balanced diet that includes a variety of foods can help ensure that your dog gets all the vitamins and minerals they need. High-quality commercial dog food brands are formulated to meet the nutritional needs of dogs and often contain added vitamins and minerals to ensure complete and balanced nutrition. It is important to choose a food that is appropriate for your dog’s age, breed, and activity level, as these factors can affect their nutritional requirements.

In addition to commercial dog food, a balanced diet for dogs can include a variety of whole foods such as lean meats, fruits and vegetables, and whole grains. These foods can provide additional vitamins and minerals, as well as fiber and other beneficial nutrients.

It is important to note that too much of certain vitamins and minerals can be harmful to dogs, and over-supplementing can lead to health problems.

Water is critical

Water is essential for dogs and should be provided at all times. Dogs require about 60 ml water per kg body weight or one ounce of water per pound of body weight each day, but this can vary depending on activity level and temperature.

Some human foods are toxic

Certain human foods such as chocolate, grapes, onions, and garlic can be toxic to dogs and should be avoided. Here are some examples of foods that can be harmful to dogs:

Chocolate contains a substance called theobromine that can be toxic to dogs, especially if they ingest a large amount. Symptoms of chocolate toxicity in dogs can include vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness, increased heart rate, seizures, and even death.

Grapes and their dried form, raisins, will damage kidney function and may causekidney failure in dogs, independently of how many were ingested. Symptoms of grape or raisin toxicity in dogs can include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, lethargy, and decreased urine production.

Onions and garlic contain compounds that can damage a dog’s red blood cells and cause anemia. Symptoms of onion or garlic toxicity in dogs can include weakness, lethargy, pale gums, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Avocado contains a substance called persin that can be toxic to dogs in large amounts. Symptoms of avocado toxicity in dogs can include vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, and fluid buildup in the chest.

Alcohol can be very toxic to dogs, depending on the ingested amount. Symptoms of alcohol toxicity in dogs can include vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, decreased coordination, and even coma or death.

Other human foods that can be harmful to dogs include caffeine, nuts, fatty foods, and foods that are high in sugar or salt. It is important to keep all human foods out of reach of dogs and to avoid feeding them table scraps or leftovers.

Please seek veterinary advice as soon as possible if you think your dog has been eaten any foods mentioned above, as immediate treatment increases the chances of a full recovery. As vets, we see unfortunately quite a lot of cases where seeking help was delayed.

Feeding amounts vary

The amount of food your dog needs depends on their age, weight, activity level, and overall health. Follow the feeding recommendations on your dog food packaging or consult with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate amount of food for your dog.

Treats should be given in moderation

Treats can be a fun way to reward your dog, but they should be given in moderation. Too many treats easily lead to obesity and other health issues.

Nutritional requirements change with age

As dogs age, their nutritional requirements change. Just like humans, dogs have different nutritional requirements at different stages of life. As dogs age, their nutritional needs change, and it is important to adjust their diet to meet these changing needs.

Senior dogs, which are typically considered to be dogs over the age of 7-8 years, may require a diet that is lower in calories and higher in fiber. This is because senior dogs tend to be less active and have a slower metabolism, which means they require fewer calories to maintain their weight. Additionally, senior dogs may be more prone to constipation, and a diet higher in fiber can help regulate their digestion and prevent this issue.

Elderly dogs usually have different nutritional requirements regarding protein and fat. While protein and fat are still important for senior dogs, they may not require the same quantity as younger dogs, but a better quality to ensure they can absorb and metabolise proteins easily. Too much protein and fat can put strain on a senior dog’s kidneys and liver, which may not function as efficiently as they did when the dog was younger.

Senior dogs require additional nutrients such as joint supplements to support joint health, and antioxidants to support their immune system. These additional nutrients can help older dogs stay healthy and active as they age.

It is important to consult with a veterinarian to determine the best diet for your dog based on their individual needs and health status. Your vet can detect underlying health conditions that require special dietary considerations, and provide you with guidance on the appropriate diet for your dog’s specific needs.